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Organic chemistry as a second language: first semester topics
Author
Publisher
Varies, see individual formats and editions
Publication Date
Varies, see individual formats and editions
Language
English
More Details
Contributors
John Wiley & Sons publisher
ISBN
9781119110668
9781119493488
9781119837091
111949348
111983709
9781119493488
9781119837091
111949348
111983709
Table of Contents
From the Book - Fifth edition.
1. Bond-line drawings
How to read bond-line drawings
How to draw bond-line drawings
Mistakes to avoid
more exercises
Identifying formal charges
Finding lone pairs that are not drawn
2. Resonance
What is resonance?
Curved arrows: the tools for drawing resonance structures
The two commandments
Drawing good arrows
Formal charges in resonance structures
Drawing resonance structures-step by step
Drawing resonance structures-by recognizing patterns
Assessing the relative importance of resonance structures
3. Acid-base reactions
Factor 1-what atom is the charge on?
Factor 2-resonance
Factor 3-induction
Factor 4-orbitals
Ranking the four factors
Other factors
Quantitative measurement (pKa values)
Predicting the position of equilibrium
Showing a mechanism
4. Geometry
Orbitals and hybridization states
Geometry
Lone pairs
5. Nomenclature
Functional group
Unsaturation
Naming the parent chain
Naming substituents
Stereoisomerism
Numbering
Common names
Going from a name to a structure
6. Conformations
How to draw a newman projection
Ranking the stability of newman projections
Drawing chair conformations
Placing groups on the chair
Ring flipping
Comparing the stability of chairs
Don't be confused by the nomenclature
7. Configurations
Locating chiral centers
Determining the configuration of a chiral center
Nomenclature
Drawing enantiomers
Diastereomers
Meso compounds
Drawing fischer projections
Optical activity
8. Mechanisms
Introduction to mechanisms
Nucleophiles and electrophiles
Basicity vs. nucleophilisity
Arrow-pushing patterns for ionic mechanisms
Carbocation rearrangements
Information contained in a mechanism
9. Substitution reactions
The mechanisms
Factor 1- the electrophile (substrate)
Factor 2- the nucleophile
Factor 3- the leaving group
Factor 3- the leaving group
Factor 4- the solvent
Using all four factors
Substitution reactions teach us some important lessons
10. Elimination reactions
The E2 mechanisms
The regiochemical outcome of an E2 reaction
The stereochemical outcome of an E2 reaction
The E1 mechanism
The regiochemical outcome of an E1 reaction
Thestereochemical outcome of an E1 reaction
substitution vs. elimination
Determining the function of the reagent
Identifying the mechanism(s)
Predicting the products
11. Addition reactions
Terminology describing regiochemistry
Terminology describing stereochemistry
Adding H and H
Adding H and X, markovnikov
Adding H and Br, anti-Markovnikov
Adding H and OH, Markovnikov
Adding H and OH, Markovnikov
Adding H and OH, anti-Markovnikov
Synthesis techniques
Adding Br and Br; adding Br and OH
Adding OH and OH, anti
Adding OH and OH, syn
Oxidative cleavage of an alkene
Summary of reactions
12. alkynes
Structure and properties of alkynes
Preparation of alkynes
Alkylation of terminal alkynes
Reduction of alkynes
Hydration of alkynes
Keto-enol tautomerization
Ozonolysis of alkynes
13. Alcohols
Naming and designating alcohols
Predicting solubility of alcohols
Predicting relative acidity of alcohols acidity of alcohols
Preparing alcohols: a review
Preparing alcohols: a review
Preparing alcohols via reduction
Preparing alcohols via grignard reactions
Summary of methods for preparing alcohols
Reactions of alcohols: substitution and elimination
Reactions of alcohols: oxidation
Converting an alcohol into an ether
14. Ethers and epoxides
Introduction to ethers
Preparation of ethers
Reactions of ethers
Preparation of epoxides
Ring-opening reactions of epoxides
15. Synthesis
One-step syntheses
Multistep syntheses
Retrosynthetic analysis
Creating your own problems.
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